2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Metabolic Enzyme/Protease
  4. Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase (IDO)

Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase (IDO)

Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase (IDO)

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Indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase (IDO) is an inflammatory cytokine-inducible rate-limiting enzyme of the tryptophan (Trp) catabolism, which is involved in the inhibition of intracellular pathogen replication as well as in immunomodulation. To date, three types of tryptophan-metabolizing enzymes have been identified: IDO1, IDO2 and tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase 2.

IDO is an intracellular enzyme that is constitutively expressed in several human and mouse cells. Being present in innate immune cells, such as Mos and dendritic cells (DCs), IDO catalyzes the initial rate-limiting step of tryptophan (Trp) catabolism, thus leading to the production of immunoregulatory catabolites (collectively known as kynurenines).

The IDO gene promoter contains multiple sequence elements that confer responsiveness to proinflammatory mediators, thereby demonstrating the strong correlation between inflammation and induced IDO expression.

Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase (IDO) Isoform Specific Products:

Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase (IDO) Isoform Comparison
Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-N0110R
    Palmatine chloride (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Palmatine (chloride) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Palmatine (chloride). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Palmatine chloride is an orally active and irreversible indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO-1) inhibitor with IC50s of 3 μM and 157μM against HEK 293-hIDO-1 and rhIDO-1, respectively. Palmatine chloride can also inhibit West Nile virus (WNV) NS2B-NS3 protease in an uncompetitive manner with an IC50 of 96 μM. Palmatine chloride shows anti-cancer, anti-oxidation, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotection, antibacterial, anti-viral activities.
    Palmatine chloride (Standard)
  • HY-168092
    VS-15
    		Inhibitor
    VS-15, a IDO1 inhibitor, selectively binds the heme-free form of IDO1. VS-15 is described as an iNOS inhibitor based on the reduction of NO production.
    VS-15
  • HY-N11451
    Lacto-N-fucopentaose III
    		Activator
    Lacto-N-fucopentaose III (LNFP-III) is an immune modulator. Lacto-N-fucopentaose III reduces the severity of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) and CNS inflammation.
    Lacto-N-fucopentaose III
  • HY-172874
    TDO-IN-2
    		Inhibitor
    TDO-IN-2 (Compound 5c) is an orally active TDO inhibitor (IC50: 1.25 μM). TDO-IN-2 has antitumor activity in the Hepa1-6 hepatocellular carcinoma allograft mouse model. TDO-IN-2 has synergistic effects with the PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor BMS-202 (HY-19745) and can be used to study tumor immune tolerance.
    TDO-IN-2
  • HY-145355
    IDO1-IN-12
    		Inhibitor
    IDO1-IN-12 is a potent and orally available IDO1 inhibitor.
    IDO1-IN-12
  • HY-149982
    IDO1-IN-22
    		Inhibitor
    IDO1-IN-22 (Compound 3) is a IDO1 inhibitor (biochemical hIDO1 IC50: 67.4 nM, HeLa hIDO1 IC50: 17.6 nM). IDO1-IN-22 has excellent antitumor efficacy in LLC xenograft model, as well as desirable pharmacokinetic (PK) profile.
    IDO1-IN-22
  • HY-N0736R
    Coptisine chloride (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Coptisine (chloride) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Coptisine (chloride). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Coptisine chloride is an alkaloid from Chinese goldthread, and acts as an efficient uncompetitive IDO inhibitor with a Ki value of 5.8 μM and an IC50 value of 6.3 μM. Coptisine chloride is a potent H1N1 neuraminidase (NA-1) inhibitor with an IC50 of 104.6 μg/mL and can be used for influenza A (H1N1) infection.
    Coptisine chloride (Standard)
  • HY-130607
    IDO1-IN-2
    		Inhibitor
    IDO1-IN-2 (compound 16) is a potent and selective IDO1 inhibitor with IC50s of 81 nM, 59 nM (mouse) and 28 nM (rat), respectively. IDO1-IN-2 has anti-cancer activity.
    IDO1-IN-2
  • HY-170322
    TDO2-IN-1
    TDO2-IN-1 (Cpd-2) is a potent inhibitor of Human TDO2, with the IC50 of 14.8 nM. TDO2-IN-1 plays an important role in metabolism, inflammation, and tumor immune surveillance research.
    TDO2-IN-1
  • HY-178954
    IDO1-IN-32
    		Inhibitor
    IDO1-IN-32 (Compound 45) is a potent and orally effective IDO1 inhibitor with an IC50 of 10 pM. IDO1-IN-32 exhibits significant anti-proliferative activity against Hela cells. IDO1-IN-32 can significantly inhibit tumor growth in CT26 and LCC transplanted mouse models by activating anti-tumor immunity. IDO1-IN-32 can be used for research on colon cancer and breast cancer.
    IDO1-IN-32
  • HY-N0707S
    (S)-Indoximod-d3
    		Inhibitor 99.0%
    (S)-Indoximod-d3 is the deuterium labeled (S)-Indoximod. (S)-Indoximod (1-Methyl-L-tryptophan) is an inhibitor of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO). (S)-Indoximod can be used for the research of cancer.
    (S)-Indoximod-d<sub>3</sub>
  • HY-139653
    IDO-IN-14
    		Inhibitor
    IDO-IN-14 is an IDO inhibitor with an IC50 value of 0.6928 nM.
    IDO-IN-14
  • HY-128355A
    (R)-IDO/TDO-IN-1
    		Inhibitor 98.04%
    (R)-IDO/TDO-IN-1 (compound 25) is an indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) inhibitor, with good pharmacokinetic properties. (R)-IDO/TDO-IN-1 exhibits anti-tumor activity in MC38 xenograft model. (R)-IDO/TDO-IN-1 shows synergistic effect with anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody (SHR-1210).
    (R)-IDO/TDO-IN-1
  • HY-178011
    IDO1-IN-28
    		Inhibitor
    IDO1-IN-28 (Compound MQ-1) is a Apo-IDO1 inhibitor with an IC50 of 1.29  μM. IDO1-IN-28 selectively targets apo-IDO1 and disrupts heme binding. IDO1-IN-28 can be used for cancers research.
    IDO1-IN-28
  • HY-144466
    IDO1-IN-16
    		Inhibitor
    IDO1-IN-16 (I-1) is an IDO1 inhibitor targeting holo-IDO1, with an IC50 of 127 nM.
    IDO1-IN-16
  • HY-144274
    IDO1-IN-14
    		Inhibitor
    IDO1-IN-14 (compound 4a) is a potent IDO1 inhibitor with an IC50 of 396.9 nM. IDO1-IN-14 has cellular IDO1 inhibition (HeLa EC50=3393 nM).
    IDO1-IN-14
  • HY-178470
    IDO1/TDO-IN-10
    		Inhibitor
    IDO1/TDO-IN-10 (Compound G-14) is a dual IDO1 (EC50=3.07 μM) and TDO (EC50=9.7 μM) inhibitor. IDO1/TDO-IN-10 inhibits the conversion of tryptophan to kynurenine and modulates immune responses while reducing inflammatory reactions. IDO1/TDO-IN-10 is promising for research of cancers and inflammatory diseases.
    IDO1/TDO-IN-10
  • HY-15683R
    IDO5L (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    IDO5L (Standard) is the analytical standard of IDO5L. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. IDO5L is a potent indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) inhibitor with an IC50 of 67 nM.
    IDO5L (Standard)
  • HY-29268
    β-Carboline-1-carboxylic acid
    		Inhibitor
    β-Carboline 1-carboxylic acid is a β-carboline alkaloid with anti-inflammatory, antifibrotic, antitumor and antibacterial activities. β-Carboline 1-carboxylic acid is the cAMP phosphodiesterase (IC50: 96 µM) and indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase (IDO) inhibitor. β-Carboline 1-carboxylic acid is cytotoxic to tumor cells. β-Carboline 1-carboxylic acid inhibits inflammation through the NF-κb/p65 pathway and can reverse epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). In addition, β-Carboline 1-carboxylic acid has strong inhibitory activity against S. aureus (IC50: 47.70 μg/mL) and E. coli (IC50: 19.17 μg/mL).
    β-Carboline-1-carboxylic acid
  • HY-177557
    IDO-IN-19
    		Inhibitor
    IDO-IN-19 is a free base of an imidazole-isoindole derivative. IDO-IN-19 can inhibit the activity of Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase (IDO). IDO-IN-19 can block the decomposition of tryptophan and restore the function of T cells. IDO-IN-19 can be used for the researches of cancer, immunology, infection and neurological disease, such as breast cancer and Alzheimer's disease.
    IDO-IN-19
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Species Source
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity
Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase (IDO) Isoform Comparison

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